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KDP/KD*P Crystals

KDP/KD*P Crystals
KDP/KD*P Crystals KDP/KD*P Crystals

Characterized by the excelent UV transmission, high damage threshold, and high birefringence, KDP (Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate)  and KD*P (Potassium Dideuterium Phosphate) are useful commercial NLO materials for doubling, tripling and quadrupling of Nd:YAG laser at room temperature or an elevated temperature. They are also excellent electro-optic (EO) crystals with high electro-optic coefficients, widely used as electro-optical modulators and Pockels cells for Q-switched lasers. One disadvantage of KDP/KD*P crystals is that they are highly hygroscopic,  therefore, protective coating or a sealed housing with transmitting windows is recommended for protection of polished crystal faces.

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Basic Physical and Optical Properties:
 

   

KDP

KD*P(DKDP)

Chemical Formula

KH2PO4

KD2PO4

Crystal Structure

Tetragonal

Tetragonal

Transmission Range

200-1500 nm

200-1600 nm

Nonlinear Coefficients

d36=0.44 pm/V

d36=0.40 pm/V

Refractive Indices
(at 1064 nm)

no=1.4938,
ne=1.4599

no=1.4948,
ne=1.4554

Electro-Optical Coefficients

r41=8.8 pm/V
r63=10.3 pm/V

r41=8.8 pm/V
r63=25 pm/V

Mohs Hardness

2.5

2.5

Surface Damage Threshold (@10 Hz, 10 ns, 1064 nm )

0.5 GW/cm2

0.5 GW/cm2

Sellmeier Equations of KDP
 (λ in µm)

no2 = 2.259276 + 13.005522λ2/(λ2 - 400)+
         0.01008956/(λ2 - 0.012942625)
ne2 = 2.132668 +3.2279924λ2/(λ2 - 400) +
         0.008637494/(λ2- 0.012281043)
Sellmeier Equations of KD*P
 (λ in µm)
no2 = 2.240921 + 2.246956λ2/(λ2 -126.92073)+
         0.009676/(λ2 - 0.0156203)
ne2 = 2.126019 + 0.784404λ2/(λ2 - 123.40344) +
         0.008578/(λ2- 0.0119913)



Cut Orientations for KDP/KD*P Crystal
 

Process (PM type)

 KDP KD*P
Orientation Deff(pm/V) Orientation Deff(pm/V)

SHG (II): 1064 nm -> 532 nm

58.9

0.34

53.5°

0.34

THG (II): 1064+532 -> 355 nm

 58.4

 0.37

59.4°

0.33

SFG (II): 1064+(421-1000 nm) -> 302-515 nm

61.0

0.36

63.7° 0.31

FHG (I): 532 nm -> 266 nm

76.7

0.46

85.9°

0.43

NCPM FHG (I): 532 -> 266 nm

90°(T=250°C)

0.47

90°(T=55°C)

0.43

SHG (I): 1064 nm -> 532 nm

41.1

 0.26

36.6°

0.22

THG(I): 1064+532 -> 355 nm

47.4

0.32

46.8°

0.29


Specifications on finished crystals:
 

Wavefront distortion:

less than λ/8 @ 633 nm

Dimension tolerance:

(W ± 0.1 mm) x (H ± 0.1 mm) x (L + 0.2/-0.1 mm)

Clear aperture:

> 90% central area

Flatness:

λ/8 @ 633 nm

Surface Quality:

Scratch/Dig 10/5 per MIL-O-13830A

Parallelism:

better than 20 arc seconds

Perpendicularity:

5 arc minutes

Angle tolerance:

Δθ < +/-0.5 deg, Δφ < +/-0.5 deg

   

Crystal Handling:

KDP, KD*P are highly hygroscopic and have to be used/stored in a very dry environment. A small enclosure (with openings for light) may be built around the crystal with a continuous flow of dry nitrogen or air into the enclosure. The dry nitrogen/air pressure needs only to be slightly above the atmosphere to keep the small volume around the crystal dry and clean.
 

Coating:

Single layer protective coating or anti-reflection coatings are available upon request.

Uncoated crystals can also be housed in a sealed housing with AR coated windows (shown at the right).


 

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